HAVE TO Y MUST los usamos para expresar
OBLIGACIÓN
HAVE TO se refiere a la obligación
externa (cuando estás obligado a hacer algo por algo / alguien externo) Ex. My doctor says I have to go on a diet
because the cholesterol level in my blood is too high. → this is a fact, my
doctor makes me go on a diet
MUST se refiere a la obligación interna
(algo que usted cree que es necesario)
Ex. I’ve put on weight during these
Christmas holidays. I must go on a diet. → this is my opinion, I think
this is necessary
MUST se usa a menudo para reglas
escritas, avisos públicos e instrucciones
Ex. You must wear a swimming cap in
the pool.
Gentlemen must wear ties and jackets
in the restaurant.
You must leave your bags in the
cloakroom.
MUST también se utiliza para expresar
sugerencias y recomendaciones sólidas.
Ex. You must work harder. If you
don’t study, you won’t pass the exam.
You must listen to this song. It’s
fantastic.
MUST es reemplazado por HAVE TO en el pasado y en los otros
tiempos que faltan (presente perfecto, futuro, etc.)
Ex. I had to get up early
yesterday.
MUST rara vez se usa en preguntas; es
más frecuente encontrar HAVE TO
Usamos
los auxiliares do / does (presente simple) / did (pasado simple) en preguntas y
oraciones negativas.
Do I have to fetch you at the
airport?
Does John have to fetch you at the
airport?
Did John have to fetch you at the
airport?
MUSTN’T y DON’T HAVE TO tienen
significados completamente diferentes:
You mustn’t speak during the exam.(Prohibición)
You don’t have to do your homework this afternoon. Tomorrow we’re on holiday. (Ausencia de obligación)
Usamos “mustn’t” cuando es una prohibición
"Don't have to" significa que no hay obligación de hacer algo, no es necesario.
Otros ejemplos:
You mustn’t wash that sweater. It has to be dry –cleaned. (=Do not wash it)
You don’t have to wash that shirt. It isn’t dirty. (It isn’t necessary to wash it)
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